Endocrine-Related Cancer

References

1. ↵
   1. Aaronson NK,
   2. Ahmedzai S,
   3. Bergman B,
   4. Bullinger M,
   5. Cull A,
   6. Duez NJ,
   7. Filiberti A,
   8. Flechtner H,
   9. Fleishman SB,
   10. de Haes JC
   11. et al.

   1993 The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer QLQ-C30: a quality-of-life instrument for use in international clinical trials in oncology. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 85 365– 376.
2. ↵
   1. Adams S,
   2. Baum RP,
   3. Hertel A,
   4. Schumm-Draeger PM,
   5. Usadel KH &
   6. Hör G

   1998 Comparison of metabolic and receptor imaging in recurrent medullary thyroid carcinoma with histopathological findings. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 25 1277– 1283.
3. ↵
   1. Ahlman H,
   2. Wängberg B,
   3. Tisell LE,
   4. Nilsson O,
   5. Fjälling M &
   6. Forssell-Aronsson E

   1994 Clinical efficacy of octreotide scintigraphy in patients with midgut carcinoid tumours and evaluation of intraoperative scintillation detection. British Journal of Surgery 81 1144– 1149.
4. ↵
   1. Ambrosini V,
   2. Tomassetti P,
   3. Castellucci P,
   4. Campana D,
   5. Montini G,
   6. Rubello D,
   7. Nanni C,
   8. Rizzello A,
   9. Franchi R &
   10. Fanti S

   2008 Comparison between ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-NOC and ¹⁸F-DOPA PET for the detection of gastro-entero-pancreatic and lung neuro-endocrine tumours. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 35 1431– 1438.
5. ↵
   1. Andreyev HJ,
   2. Scott-Mackie P,
   3. Cunningham D,
   4. Nicolson V,
   5. Norman AR,
   6. Badve SS,
   7. Iveson A &
   8. Nicolson MC

   1995 Phase II study of continuous infusion fluorouracil and interferon alfa-2b in the palliation of malignant neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of Clinical Oncology 13 1486– 1492.
6. ↵
   1. Ansell SM,
   2. Pitot HC,
   3. Burch PA,
   4. Kvols LK,
   5. Mahoney MR &
   6. Rubin J

   2001 A phase II study of high-dose paclitaxel in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 91 1543– 1548.
7. ↵
   1. Anthony LB,
   2. Woltering EA,
   3. Espanan GD,
   4. Cronin MD,
   5. Maloney TJ &
   6. McCarthy KE

   2002 Indium-111-pentetreotide prolongs survival in gastroenteropancreatic malignancies. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 32 123– 132.
8. ↵
   1. Arnold R,
   2. Benning R,
   3. Neuhaus C,
   4. Rolwage M &
   5. Trautmann ME

   Gastroenteropancreatic endocrine tumours: effect of Sandostatin on tumour growth. The German Sandostatin Study Group Digestion 54 Suppl 1 1993 72– 75.
9. ↵
   1. Bajetta E,
   2. Catena L,
   3. Procopio G,
   4. De Dosso S,
   5. Bichisao E,
   6. Ferrari L,
   7. Martinetti A,
   8. Platania M,
   9. Verzoni E,
   10. Formisano B
   11. et al.

   2007 Are capecitabine and oxaliplatin (XELOX) suitable treatments for progressing low-grade and high-grade neuroendocrine tumours? Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 59 637– 642.
10. ↵
    1. Balon HR,
    2. Goldsmith SJ,
    3. Siegel BA,
    4. Silberstein EB,
    5. Krenning EP,
    6. Lang O &
    7. Donohoe KJ

    2001 Procedure guideline for somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with ¹¹¹In-pentetreotide. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 42 1134– 1138.
11. ↵
    1. Baum RP,
    2. Soldner J,
    3. Schmucking M &
    4. Niesen A

    2004a Peptidrezeptorvermittelte radiotherapie (PRRT) neuroendokriner tumoren klinischen indikationen und erfahrung mit 90Yttrium-markierten somatostatinanaloga. Der Onkologe 10 1098– 1110.
12. ↵
    1. Baum RP,
    2. Soldner J,
    3. Schmucking M &
    4. Niesen A

    Intravenous and intra-arterial peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) using Y-90-DOTA-Tyr³-octreotate (Y-90-DOTA-TATE) in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 31 Suppl 2 2004b S238(abstract).
13. ↵
    1. Belhocine T,
    2. Foidart J,
    3. Rigo P,
    4. Najjar F,
    5. Thiry A,
    6. Quatresooz P &
    7. Hustinx R

    2002 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy for diagnosing and staging carcinoid tumours: correlations with the pathological indexes p53 and Ki-67. Nuclear Medicine Communications 23 727– 734.
14. ↵
    1. Bodei L,
    2. Cremonesi M,
    3. Zoboli S,
    4. Grana C,
    5. Bartolomei M,
    6. Rocca P,
    7. Caracciolo M,
    8. Mäcke HR,
    9. Chinol M &
    10. Paganelli G

    2003 Receptor-mediated radionuclide therapy with ⁹⁰Y-DOTATOC in association with amino acid infusion: a phase I study. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 30 207– 216.
15. ↵
    1. Bombardieri E,
    2. Crippa F,
    3. Cataldo I,
    4. Chiti A,
    5. Seregni E,
    6. Soresi E,
    7. Boffi R,
    8. Invernizzi G &
    9. Buraggi GL

    1995 Somatostatin receptor imaging of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) by means of ¹¹¹In-DTPA octreotide scintigraphy. European Journal of Cancer 31A 184– 188.
16. ↵
    1. Buchmann I,
    2. Henze M,
    3. Engelbrecht S,
    4. Eisenhut M,
    5. Runz A,
    6. Schäfer M,
    7. Schilling T,
    8. Haufe S,
    9. Herrmann T &
    10. Haberkorn U

    2007 Comparison of ⁶⁸Ga-DOTATOC PET and ¹¹¹In-DTPAOC (Octreoscan) SPECT in patients with neuroendocrine tumours. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 34 1617– 1626.
17. ↵
    1. Bukowski RM,
    2. Tangen CM,
    3. Peterson RF,
    4. Taylor SA,
    5. Rinehart JJ,
    6. Eyre HJ,
    7. Rivkin SE,
    8. Fleming TR &
    9. Macdonald JS

    1994 Phase II trial of dimethyltriazenoimidazole carboxamide in patients with metastatic carcinoid. Cancer 73 1505– 1508.
18. ↵
    1. Bushnell D,
    2. O'Dorisio T,
    3. Menda Y,
    4. Carlisle T,
    5. Zehr P,
    6. Connolly M,
    7. Karwal M,
    8. Miller S,
    9. Parker S &
    10. Bouterfa H

    2003 Evaluating the clinical effectiveness of ⁹⁰Y-SMT 487 in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 44 1556– 1560.
19. ↵
    1. Cheng PN &
    2. Saltz LB

    1999 Failure to confirm major objective antitumor activity for streptozocin and doxorubicin in the treatment of patients with advanced islet cell carcinoma. Cancer 86 944– 948.
20. ↵
    1. Chinol M,
    2. Bodei L,
    3. Cremonesi M &
    4. Paganelli G

    2002 Receptor-mediated radiotherapy with Y-DOTA-DPhe-Tyr-octreotide: the experience of the European Institute of Oncology group. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 32 141– 147.
21. ↵
    1. Clancy TE,
    2. Sengupta TP,
    3. Paulus J,
    4. Ahmed F,
    5. Duh MS &
    6. Kulke MH

    2006 Alkaline phosphatase predicts survival in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 51 877– 884.
22. ↵
    1. De Jong M,
    2. Breeman WA,
    3. Bakker WH,
    4. Kooij PP,
    5. Bernard BF,
    6. Hofland LJ,
    7. Visser TJ,
    8. Srinivasan A,
    9. Schmidt MA,
    10. Erion JL
    11. et al.

    1998 Comparison of (111)Inlabeled somatostatin analogues for tumor scintigraphy and radionuclide therapy. Cancer Research 58 437– 441.
23. ↵
    1. De Jong M,
    2. Valkema R,
    3. Jamar F,
    4. Kvols LK,
    5. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    6. Breeman WA,
    7. Bakker WH,
    8. Smith C,
    9. Pauwels S &
    10. Krenning EP

    2002 Somatostatin receptor-targeted radionuclide therapy of tumors: preclinical and clinical findings. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 32 133– 140.
24. ↵
    1. De Keizer B,
    2. van Aken MO,
    3. Feelders RA,
    4. de Herder WW,
    5. Kam BL,
    6. van Essen M,
    7. Krenning EP &
    8. Kwekkeboom DJ

    2008 Hormonal crises following receptor radionuclide therapy with the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue [¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotate. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 35 749– 755.
25. ↵
    1. De Kerviler E,
    2. Cadiot G,
    3. Lebtahi R,
    4. Faraggi M,
    5. Le Guludec D &
    6. Mignon M

    1994 Somatostatin receptor cintigraphy in fortyeight patients with the Zollinger–Ellison syndrome. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21 1191– 1197.
26. ↵
    1. Ducreux M,
    2. Ruszniewski P,
    3. Chayvialle JA,
    4. Blumberg J,
    5. Cloarec D,
    6. Michel H,
    7. Raymond JM,
    8. Dupas JL,
    9. Gouerou H,
    10. Jian R
    11. et al.

    2000 The antitumoral effect of the long-acting somatostatin analog lanreotide in neuroendocrine tumors. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95 3276– 3281.
27. ↵
    1. Ducreux MP,
    2. Boige V,
    3. Leboulleux S,
    4. Malka D,
    5. Kergoat P,
    6. Dromain C,
    7. Elias D,
    8. de Baere T,
    9. Sabourin JC,
    10. Duvillard P
    11. et al.

    2006 A phase II study of irinotecan with 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin in patients with pretreated gastroenteropancreatic well-differentiated endocrine carcinomas. Oncology 70 134– 140.
28. ↵
    1. Duet M,
    2. Sauvaget E,
    3. Pételle B,
    4. Rizzo N,
    5. Guichard JP,
    6. Wassef M,
    7. Le Cloirec J,
    8. Herman P &
    9. Tran Ba Huy P

    2003 Clinical impact of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the management of paragangliomas of the head and neck. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 44 1767– 1774.
29. ↵
    1. Dunst J,
    2. Reese T,
    3. Sutter T,
    4. Zühlke H,
    5. Hinke A,
    6. Kölling-Schlebusch K &
    7. Frings S

    2002 Phase I trial evaluating the concurrent combination of radiotherapy and capecitabine in rectal cancer. Journal of Clinical Oncology 20 3983– 3991.
30. ↵
    1. Duran I,
    2. Kortmansky J,
    3. Singh D,
    4. Hirte H,
    5. Kocha W,
    6. Goss G,
    7. Le L,
    8. Oza A,
    9. Nicklee T,
    10. Ho J
    11. et al.

    2006 A phase II clinical and pharmacodynamic study of temsirolimus in advanced neuroendocrine carcinomas. British Journal of Cancer 95 1148– 1154.
31. ↵
    1. Erion JL,
    2. Bugaj JE,
    3. Schmidt MA,
    4. Wilhelm RR &
    5. Srinivasan A

    High radiotherapeutic efficacy of [Lu-177]-DOTA-Y(3)-octreotate in a rat tumor model Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40 Suppl 1999 223P(abstract).
32. ↵
    1. Esser JP,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. Teunissen JJ,
    4. Kooij PP,
    5. van Gameren AL,
    6. Bakker WH &
    7. Kwekkeboom DJ

    2006 Comparison of [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotate and [(177)Lu-DOTA(0),Tyr(3)]octreotide: which peptide is preferable for PRRT? European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 33 1346– 1351.
33. ↵
    1. Faiss S,
    2. Pape UF,
    3. Bohmig M,
    4. Dörffel Y,
    5. Mansmann U,
    6. Golder W,
    7. Riecken EO,
    8. Wiedenmann B &
    9. International Lanreotide and Interferon Alfa Study Group

    2003 Prospective, randomized, multicenter trial on the antiproliferative effect of lanreotide, interferon alfa, and their combination for therapy of metastatic neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors – the International Lanreotide and Interferon Alfa Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 21 2689– 2696.
34. ↵
    1. Fanti S,
    2. Ambrosini V,
    3. Tomassetti P,
    4. Castellucci P,
    5. Montini G,
    6. Allegri V,
    7. Grassetto G,
    8. Rubello D,
    9. Nanni C &
    10. Franchi R

    2008 Evaluation of unusual neuroendocrine tumours by means of ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-NOC PET. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 62 667– 671.
35. ↵
    1. Förrer F,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. Kooij PP,
    4. Bernard BF,
    5. Konijnenberg M,
    6. Bakker WH,
    7. Teunissen JJ,
    8. de Jong M,
    9. van Lom K,
    10. de Herder WW
    11. et al.

    2009 Bone marrow dosimetry in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with [(177)Lu-DOTA(0), Tyr(3)]octreotate. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging(Epub ahead of print).
36. ↵
    1. Gabriel M,
    2. Decristoforo C,
    3. Kendler D,
    4. Dobrozemsky G,
    5. Heute D,
    6. Uprimny C,
    7. Kovacs P,
    8. Von Guggenberg E,
    9. Bale R &
    10. Virgolini IJ

    2007 ⁶⁸Ga-DOTA-Tyr³-octreotide PET, in neuroendocrine tumors: comparison with somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and CT. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 48 508– 518.
37. ↵
    1. Gibril F,
    2. Reynolds JC,
    3. Doppman JL,
    4. Chen CC,
    5. Venzon DJ,
    6. Termanini B,
    7. Weber HC,
    8. Stewart CA &
    9. Jensen RT

    1996 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: its sensitivity compared with that of other imaging methods in detecting primary and metastatic gastrinomas. A prospective study. Annals of Internal Medicine 125 26– 34.
38. ↵
    1. Gibril F,
    2. Reynolds JC,
    3. Chen CC,
    4. Yu F,
    5. Goebel SU,
    6. Serrano J,
    7. Doppman JL &
    8. Jensen RT

    1999 Specificity of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy: a prospective study and effects of false-positive localizations on management in patients with gastrinomas. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 40 539– 553.
39. ↵
    1. Gulec SA,
    2. Serafini AN,
    3. Sridhar KS,
    4. Peker KR,
    5. Gupta A,
    6. Goodwin WJ,
    7. Sfakianakis GN &
    8. Moffat FL

    1998 Somatostatin receptor expression in Hurthle cell cancer of the thyroid. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39 243– 245.
40. ↵
    1. Haldemann AR,
    2. Rosler H,
    3. Barth A,
    4. Waser B,
    5. Geiger L,
    6. Godoy N,
    7. Markwalder RV,
    8. Seiler RW,
    9. Sulzer M &
    10. Reubi JC

    1995 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in central nervous system tumors: role of blood–brain barrier permeability. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 36 403– 410.
41. ↵
    1. Haslinghuis LM,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. de Herder WW,
    4. Reijs AEM &
    5. Kwekkeboom DJ

    2001 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the follow-up of patients with differentiated thyroid cancer. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 24 415– 422.
42. ↵
    1. Hobday TJ,
    2. Rubin J,
    3. Holen K,
    4. Picus J,
    5. Donehower R,
    6. Marschke R,
    7. Maples W,
    8. Lloyd R,
    9. Mahoney M &
    10. Erlichman C

    MC044h, a phase II trial of sorafenib in patients (pts) with metastatic neuroendocrine tumors (NET): a Phase II Consortium (P2C) study Journal of Clinical Oncology 25 Suppl 2007 4504(abstract).
43. ↵
    1. Hofmann M,
    2. Maecke H,
    3. Börner R,
    4. Weckesser E,
    5. Schöffski P,
    6. Oei L,
    7. Schumacher J,
    8. Henze M,
    9. Heppeler A,
    10. Meyer J
    11. et al.

    2001 Biokinetics and imaging with the somatostatin receptor PET radioligand (68)Ga-DOTATOC: preliminary data. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 28 1751– 1757.
44. ↵
    1. Hubalewska-Dydejczyk A,
    2. Fröss-Baron K,
    3. Mikolajczak R,
    4. Maecke HR,
    5. Huszno B,
    6. Pach D,
    7. Sowa-Staszczak A,
    8. Janota B,
    9. Szybinski P &
    10. Kulig J

    2006 ^99mTc-EDDA/HYNIC-octreotate scintigraphy, an efficient method for the detection and staging of carcinoid tumours: results of 3 years' experience. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 33 1123– 1133.
45. ↵
    1. Janson ET &
    2. Oberg K

    1993 Long-term management of the carcinoid syndrome. Treatment with octreotide alone and in combination with alpha-interferon. Acta Oncologica 32 225– 229.
46. 1. Janson ET,
    2. Holmberg L,
    3. Stridsberg M,
    4. Eriksson B,
    5. Theodorsson E,
    6. Wilander E &
    7. Oberg K

    1997 Carcinoid tumors: analysis of prognostic factors and survival in 301 patients from a referral center. Annals of Oncology 8 685– 690.
47. ↵
    1. Kalkner KM,
    2. Janson ET,
    3. Nilsson S,
    4. Carlsson S,
    5. Oberg K &
    6. Westlin JE

    Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in patients with carcinoid tumors: comparison between radioligand uptake and tumor markers Cancer Research 55 Suppl 23 1995 5801– 5804.
48. ↵
    1. Kirsch CM,
    2. von Pawel J,
    3. Grau I &
    4. Tatsch K

    1994 Indium-111 pentetreotide in the diagnostic work-up of patients with bronchogenic carcinoma. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21 1318– 1325.
49. ↵
    1. Kong G,
    2. Lau E,
    3. Ramdave S &
    4. Hicks RJ

    High-dose In-111 octreotide therapy in combination with radiosensitizing 5-FU chemotherapy for treatment of SSR-expressing neuroendocrine tumors Journal of Nuclear Medicine 46 Suppl 2 2005 151P(abstract).
50. ↵
    1. Koopmans KP,
    2. de Vries EG,
    3. Kema IP,
    4. Elsinga PH,
    5. Neels OC,
    6. Sluiter WJ,
    7. van der Horst-Schrivers AN &
    8. Jager PL

    2006 Staging of carcinoid tumours with ¹⁸F-DOPA PET: a prospective, diagnostic accuracy study. Lancet Oncology 7 728– 734.
51. ↵
    1. Koopmans KP,
    2. Neels OC,
    3. Kema IP,
    4. Elsinga PH,
    5. Sluiter WJ,
    6. Vanghillewe K,
    7. Brouwers AH,
    8. Jager PL &
    9. de Vries EG

    2008 Improved staging of patients with carcinoid and islet cell tumors with ¹⁸F-dihydroxy-phenyl-alanine and 11C-5-hydroxy-tryptophan positron emission tomography. Journal of Clinical Oncology 26 1489– 1495.
52. ↵
    1. Kouvaraki MA,
    2. Ajani JA,
    3. Hoff P,
    4. Wolff R,
    5. Evans DB,
    6. Lozano R &
    7. Yao JC

    2004 Fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and streptozocin in the treatment of patients with locally advanced and metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas. Journal of Clinical Oncology 22 4762– 4771.
53. ↵
    1. Krassas GE,
    2. Dumas A,
    3. Pontikides N &
    4. Kaltsas T

    1995 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy and octreotide treatment in patients with thyroid eye disease. Clinical Endocrinology 42 571– 580.
54. ↵
    1. Krenning EP,
    2. Bakker WH,
    3. Breeman WA,
    4. Koper JW,
    5. Kooij PP,
    6. Ausema L,
    7. Lameris JS,
    8. Reubi JC &
    9. Lamberts SW

    1989 Localization of endocrine related tumors with radioiodinated analogue of somatostatin. Lancet 1 242– 245.
55. ↵
    1. Krenning EP,
    2. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    3. Bakker WH,
    4. Breeman WAP,
    5. Kooij PPM,
    6. Oei HY,
    7. Van Hagen M,
    8. de Jong M,
    9. Reubi JC,
    10. Visser TJ
    11. et al.

    1993 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy with [¹¹¹In-DTPA-d-Phe¹]- and [¹²³I-Tyr³]-octreotide: the Rotterdam experience with more than 1000 patients. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 20 716– 731.
56. ↵
    1. Kulke MH,
    2. Stuart K,
    3. Earle CC,
    4. Bhargava P,
    5. Clark JW,
    6. Enzinger PC,
    7. Meyerhardt J,
    8. Attawia M,
    9. Lawrence C &
    10. Fuchs CS

    A phase II study of temozolomide and bevacizumab in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors Journal of Clinical Oncology 24 Suppl 2006 40– 44(abstract).
57. ↵
    1. Kulke MH,
    2. Lenz HJ,
    3. Meropol NJ,
    4. Posey J,
    5. Ryan DP,
    6. Picus J,
    7. Bergsland E,
    8. Stuart K,
    9. Tye L,
    10. Huang X
    11. et al.

    2008 Activity of sunitinib in patients with advanced neuroendocrine tumors. Journal of Clinical Oncology 26 3403– 3410.
58. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. Bakker WH,
    4. Oei HY,
    5. Kooij PPM &
    6. Lamberts SWJ

    1993a Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in carcinoid tumors. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 20 283– 292.
59. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Van Urk H,
    3. Pauw KH,
    4. Lamberts SWJ,
    5. Kooij PPM,
    6. Hoogma R &
    7. Krenning EP

    1993b Octreotide scintigraphy for the detection of paragangliomas. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 34 873– 878.
60. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Reubi JC,
    3. Lamberts SWJ,
    4. Bruining HA,
    5. Mulder AH,
    6. Oei HY &
    7. Krenning EP

    1993c In vivo somatostatin receptor imaging in medullary thyroid carcinoma. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 76 1413– 1417.
61. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Kho GS,
    3. Lamberts SW,
    4. Reubi JC,
    5. Laissue JA &
    6. Krenning EP

    1994 The value of octreotide scintigraphy in patients with lung cancer. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21 1106– 1113.
62. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. Kho GS,
    4. Breeman WAP &
    5. Van Hagen PM

    1998 Octreotide scintigraphy in patients with sarcoidosis. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 25 1284– 1292.
63. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. de Herder WW &
    3. Krenning EP

    1999 Receptor imaging in the diagnosis and treatment of pituitary tumors. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 22 80– 88.
64. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Bakker WH,
    3. Kooij PP,
    4. Konijnenberg MW,
    5. Srinivasan A,
    6. Erion JL,
    7. Schmidt MA,
    8. Bugaj JL,
    9. de Jong M &
    10. Krenning EP

    2001 [¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA⁰Tyr³]octreotate: comparison with [¹¹¹In-DTPA⁰]octreotide in patients. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 28 1319– 1325.
65. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Bakker WH,
    3. Kam BL,
    4. Teunissen JJ,
    5. Kooij PP,
    6. de Herder WW,
    7. Feelders RA,
    8. van Eijck CH,
    9. de Jong M,
    10. Srinivasan A
    11. et al.

    2003 Treatment of patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) tumours with the novel radiolabeled somatostatin analogue [¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotate. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 30 417– 422.
66. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Mueller-Brand J,
    3. Paganelli G,
    4. Anthony LB,
    5. Pauwels S,
    6. Kvols LK,
    7. O'Dorisio TM,
    8. Valkema R,
    9. Bodei L &
    10. Chinol M

    Overview of results of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with 3 radiolabeled somatostatin analogs Journal of Nuclear Medicine 46 Suppl 1 2005a 62S– 66S.
67. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. Teunissen JJ,
    3. Bakker WH,
    4. Kooij PP,
    5. de Herder WW,
    6. Feelders RA,
    7. van Eijck CH,
    8. Esser JP,
    9. Kam BL &
    10. Krenning EP

    2005b Treatment with the radiolabeled somatostatin analogue [¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotate in patients with gastro-entero-pancreatic (GEP) tumors. Journal of Clinical Oncology 23 2754– 2762.
68. ↵
    1. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    2. de Herder WW,
    3. Kam BL,
    4. van Eijck CH,
    5. van Essen M,
    6. Kooij PP,
    7. Feelders RA,
    8. van Aken MO &
    9. Krenning EP

    2008 Treatment with the radiolabeled somatostatin analog [¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotate: toxicity, efficacy, and survival. Journal of Clinical Oncology 26 2124– 2130.
69. ↵
    1. Lebtahi R,
    2. Cadiot G,
    3. Sarda L,
    4. Daou D,
    5. Faraggi M,
    6. Petegnief Y,
    7. Mignon M &
    8. le Guludec D

    1997 Clinical impact of somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the management of patients with neuroendocrine gastroenteropancreatic tumors. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 38 853– 858.
70. ↵
    1. Lebtahi R,
    2. Le Cloirec J,
    3. Houzard C,
    4. Daou D,
    5. Sobhani I,
    6. Sassolas G,
    7. Mignon M,
    8. Bourguet P &
    9. Le Guludec D

    2002 Detection of neuroendocrine tumors: (99m)Tc-P829 scintigraphy compared with (111)In-pentetreotide scintigraphy. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 43 889– 895.
71. ↵
    1. Lugtenburg PJ,
    2. Löwenberg B,
    3. Valkema R,
    4. Oei HY,
    5. Lamberts SW,
    6. Eijkemans MJ,
    7. van Putten WL &
    8. Krenning EP

    2001a Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the initial staging of low-grade non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 42 222– 229.
72. ↵
    1. Lugtenburg PJ,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. Valkema R,
    4. Oei HY,
    5. Lamberts SW,
    6. Eijkemans MJ,
    7. van Putten WL &
    8. Löwenberg B

    2001b Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy useful in stage I–II Hodgkin's disease: more extended disease identified. British Journal of Haematology 112 936– 944.
73. 1. Mazzaglia PJ,
    2. Berber E,
    3. Milas M &
    4. Siperstein AE

    2007 Laparoscopic radiofrequency ablation of neuroendocrine liver metastases: a 10-year experience evaluating predictors of survival. Surgery 142 10– 19.
74. ↵
    1. Meisetschläger G,
    2. Poethko T,
    3. Stahl A,
    4. Wolf I,
    5. Scheidhauer K,
    6. Schottelius M,
    7. Herz M,
    8. Wester HJ &
    9. Schwaiger M

    2006 Gluc-Lys([¹⁸F]FP)-TOCA PET in patients with SSTR-positive tumors: biodistribution and diagnostic evaluation compared with [¹¹¹In]DTPA-octreotide. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 47 566– 573.
75. ↵
    1. Menda Y &
    2. Kahn D

    2002 Somatostatin receptor imaging of non-small lung cancer with ^99mTc depreotide. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 32 92– 96.
76. ↵
    1. Moertel CG

    1983 Treatment of the carcinoid tumor and the malignant carcinoid syndrome. Journal of Clinical Oncology 1 727– 740.
77. ↵
    1. Moertel CG,
    2. Hanley JA &
    3. Johnson LA

    1980 Streptozocin alone compared with streptozocin plus fluorouracil in the treatment of advanced islet-cell carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 303 1189– 1194.
78. ↵
    1. Moertel CG,
    2. Lefkopoulo M,
    3. Lipsitz S,
    4. Hahn RG &
    5. Klaassen D

    1992 Streptozocin–doxorubicin, streptozocin–fluorouracil or chlorozotocin in the treatment of advanced islet-cell carcinoma. New England Journal of Medicine 326 519– 523.
79. ↵
    1. Neijt JP,
    2. Lacave AJ,
    3. Splinter TA,
    4. Taal BG,
    5. Veenhof CH,
    6. Sahmoud T &
    7. Lips CJ

    1995 Mitoxantrone in metastatic apudomas: a phase II study of the EORTC Gastro-Intestinal Cancer Cooperative Group. British Journal of Cancer 71 106– 108.
80. ↵
    1. O'Toole D,
    2. Hentic O,
    3. Corcos O &
    4. Ruszniewski P

    Chemotherapy for gastro-enteropancreatic endocrine tumours Neuroendocrinology 80 Suppl 1 2004 79– 84.
81. ↵
    1. Otte A,
    2. Herrmann R,
    3. Heppeler A,
    4. Behe M,
    5. Jermann E,
    6. Powell P,
    7. Maecke HR &
    8. Muller J

    1999 Yttrium-90 DOTATOC: first clinical results. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 26 1439– 1447.
82. ↵
    1. Paganelli G,
    2. Bodei L,
    3. Handkiewicz Junak D,
    4. Rocca P,
    5. Papi S,
    6. Lopera Sierra M,
    7. Gatti M,
    8. Chinol M,
    9. Bartolomei M,
    10. Fiorenza M
    11. et al.

    2002 ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-d-Phe¹-Tyr³-octreotide in therapy of neuroendocrine malignancies. Biopolymers 66 393– 398.
83. ↵
    1. Postema PTE,
    2. Krenning EP,
    3. Wijngaarde R,
    4. Kooy PP,
    5. Oei HY,
    6. van den Bosch WA,
    7. Reubi JC,
    8. Wiersinga WM,
    9. Hooijkaas H,
    10. van der Loos T
    11. et al.

    1994 [¹¹¹In-DTPA-d-Phe¹]-octreotide scintigraphy in thyroidal and orbital Graves' disease: a parameter for disease activity? Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 79 1845– 1851.
84. ↵
    1. Postema PTE,
    2. De Herder WW,
    3. Reubi JC,
    4. Oei HY,
    5. Kwekkeboom DJ,
    6. Bruining HJ,
    7. Bonjer J,
    8. van Toor H,
    9. Hennemann G &
    10. Krenning EP

    1996 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in nonmedullary thyroid cancer. Digestion 1 36– 37.
85. 1. Quaedvlieg PF,
    2. Visser O,
    3. Lamers CB,
    4. Janssen-Heijen ML &
    5. Taal BG

    2001 Epidemiology and survival in patients with carcinoid disease in The Netherlands. An epidemiological study with 2391 patients. Annals of Oncology 12 1295– 1300.
86. ↵
    1. Quigley AM,
    2. Buscombe JR,
    3. Shah T,
    4. Gnanasegaran G,
    5. Roberts D,
    6. Caplin ME &
    7. Hilson AJ

    2005 Intertumoural variability in functional imaging within patients suffering from neuroendocrine tumours. An observational, cross-sectional study. Neuroendocrinology 82 215– 220.
87. ↵
    1. Reisinger I,
    2. Bohuslavitzki KH,
    3. Brenner W,
    4. Braune S,
    5. Dittrich I,
    6. Geide A,
    7. Kettner B,
    8. Otto HJ,
    9. Schmidt S &
    10. Munz DL

    1998 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in small-cell lung cancer: results of a multicenter study. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 39 224– 227.
88. ↵
    1. Reubi JC

    1997 Regulatory peptide receptors as molecular targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine 41 63– 70.
89. ↵
    1. Reubi JC,
    2. Waser B,
    3. Krenning EP,
    4. Markusse HM,
    5. Vanhagen M &
    6. Laissue JA

    1994 Vascular somatostatin receptors in synovium from patients with rheumatoid arthritis. European Journal of Pharmacology 271 371– 378.
90. ↵
    1. Reubi JC,
    2. Schaer JC,
    3. Waser B,
    4. Wenger S,
    5. Heppeler A,
    6. Schmitt JS &
    7. Mäcke HR

    2000 Affinity profiles for human somatostatin receptor sst1–sst5 of somatostatin radiotracers selected for scintigraphic and radiotherapeutic use. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 27 273– 282.
91. ↵
    1. Reubi JC,
    2. Waser B,
    3. Schaer JC &
    4. Laissue JA

    2001 Somatostatin receptor sst1–sst5 expression in normal and neoplastic human tissues using receptor autoradiography with subtype-selective ligands. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 28 836– 846.
92. ↵
    1. Rich TA,
    2. Shepard RC &
    3. Mosley ST

    2004 Four decades of continuing innovation with fluorouracil: current and future approaches to fluorouracil chemoradiation therapy. Journal of Clinical Oncology 22 2214– 2232.
93. ↵
    1. Rinke A,
    2. Müller HH,
    3. Schade-Brittinger C,
    4. Klose KJ,
    5. Barth P,
    6. Wied M,
    7. Mayer C,
    8. Aminossadati B,
    9. Pape UF,
    10. Bläker M
    11. et al.

    2009 Placebo-controlled, double-blind, prospective, randomized study on the effect of octreotide LAR in the control of tumor growth in patients with metastatic neuroendocrine midgut tumors: a report from the PROMID Study Group. Journal of Clinical Oncology 27 4656– 4663.
94. ↵
    1. Ritzel U,
    2. Leonhardt U,
    3. Stockmann F &
    4. Ramadori G

    1995 Treatment of metastasized midgut carcinoids with dacarbazine. American Journal of Gastroenterology 90 627– 631.
95. ↵
    1. Schmidt M,
    2. Scheidhauer K,
    3. Luyken C,
    4. Voth E,
    5. Hildebrandt G,
    6. Klug N &
    7. Schicha H

    1998 Somatostatin receptor imaging in intracranial tumours. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 25 675– 686.
96. ↵
    1. Strosberg JR,
    2. Choi J,
    3. Gardner N &
    4. Kvols L

    First-line treatment of metastatic pancreatic endocrine carcinomas with capecitabine and temozolomide Journal of Clinical Oncology 26 Suppl 2008 4612(abstract).
97. ↵
    1. Sun W,
    2. Lipsitz S,
    3. Catalano P,
    4. Mailliard JA,
    5. Haller DG &
    6. Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group

    2005 Phase II/III study of doxorubicin with fluorouracil compared with streptozocin with fluorouracil or dacarbazine in the treatment of advanced carcinoid tumors: Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Study E1281. Journal of Clinical Oncology 23 4897– 4904.
98. ↵
    1. Telischi FF,
    2. Bustillo A,
    3. Whiteman ML,
    4. Serafini AN,
    5. Reisberg MJ,
    6. Gomez-Marin O,
    7. Civantos J &
    8. Balkany TJ

    2000 Octreotide scintigraphy for the detection of paragangliomas. Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 122 358– 362.
99. ↵
    1. Teunissen JJ,
    2. Kwekkeboom DJ &
    3. Krenning EP

    2004 Quality of life in patients with gastroenteropancreatic tumors treated with [¹⁷⁷Lu-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotate. Journal of Clinical Oncology 22 2724– 2729.
100. ↵
     1. Tisell LE,
     2. Ahlman H,
     3. Wängberg B,
     4. Hansson G,
     5. Mölne J,
     6. Nilsson O,
     7. Lindstedt G,
     8. Fjälling M &
     9. Forssell-Aronsson E

     1997 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in medullary thyroid carcinoma. British Journal of Surgery 84 543– 547.
101. ↵
     1. Valkema R,
     2. de Jong M,
     3. Bakker WH,
     4. Breeman WA,
     5. Kooij PP,
     6. Lugtenburg PJ,
     7. De Jong FH,
     8. Christiansen A,
     9. Kam BL,
     10. De Herder WW
     11. et al.

     2002 Phase I study of peptide receptor radionuclide therap1y with [¹¹¹In-DTPA⁰]Octreotide: the Rotterdam experience. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 32 110– 122.
102. ↵
     1. Valkema R,
     2. Pauwels S,
     3. Kvols L,
     4. Jamar F,
     5. Barone R,
     6. Bakker WH,
     7. Lasher J &
     8. Krenning EP

     Long-term follow-up of a phase 1 study of peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) with [⁹⁰Y-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotide in patients with somatostatin receptor positive tumours European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 30 Suppl 2 2003 S232(abstract).
103. ↵
     1. Valkema R,
     2. Pauwels S,
     3. Kvols LK,
     4. Barone R,
     5. Jamar F,
     6. Bakker WH,
     7. Kwekkeboom DJ,
     8. Bouterfa H &
     9. Krenning EP

     2006 Survival and response after peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with [⁹⁰Y-DOTA⁰,Tyr³]octreotide in patients with advanced gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 36 147– 156.
104. ↵
     1. Van der Harst E,
     2. de Herder WW,
     3. Bruining HA,
     4. Bonjer HJ,
     5. de Krijger RR,
     6. Lamberts SWJ,
     7. van de Meiracker AH,
     8. Boomsma F,
     9. Stijnen T,
     10. Krenning EP
     11. et al.

     2001 [(123)I]metaiodobenzylguanidine and [(111)In]octreotide uptake in begnign and malignant pheochromocytomas. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 86 685– 693.
105. ↵
     1. Van Eijck CH,
     2. Krenning EP,
     3. Bootsma A,
     4. Oei HY,
     5. van Pel R,
     6. Lindemans J,
     7. Jeekel J,
     8. Reubi JC &
     9. Lamberts SW

     1994 Somatostatin-receptor scintigraphy in primary breast cancer. Lancet 343 640– 643.
106. ↵
     1. Van Essen M,
     2. Krenning EP,
     3. Kam BL,
     4. de Herder WW,
     5. van Aken MO &
     6. Kwekkeboom DJ

     2008 Report on short-term side effects of treatments with (177)Lu-octreotate in combination with capecitabine in seven patients with gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine tumours. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 35 743– 748.
107. ↵
     1. Vanhagen PM,
     2. Krenning EP,
     3. Reubi JC,
     4. Kwekkeboom DJ,
     5. Bakker WH,
     6. Mulder AH,
     7. Laissue I,
     8. Hoogstede HC &
     9. Lamberts SWJ

     1994 Somatostatin analogue scintigraphy in granulomatous diseases. European Journal of Nuclear Medicine 21 497– 502.
108. ↵
     1. Virgolini I,
     2. Britton K,
     3. Buscombe J,
     4. Moncayo R,
     5. Paganelli G &
     6. Riva P

     2002 ¹¹¹In- and ⁹⁰Y-DOTA-Lanreotide: results and implications of the MAURITIUS trial. Seminars in Nuclear Medicine 32 148– 155.
109. ↵
     1. Waldherr C,
     2. Pless M,
     3. Maecke HR,
     4. Haldemann A &
     5. Mueller-Brand J

     2001 The clinical value of [⁹⁰Y-DOTA]-d-Phe¹-Tyr³-octreotide (⁹⁰Y-DOTATOC) in the treatment of neuroendocrine tumours: a clinical phase II study. Annals of Oncology 12 941– 945.
110. ↵
     1. Waldherr C,
     2. Pless M,
     3. Maecke HR,
     4. Schumacher T,
     5. Crazzolara A,
     6. Nitzsche EU,
     7. Haldemann A &
     8. Mueller-Brand J

     2002a Tumor response and clinical benefit in neuroendocrine tumors after 7.4 GBq (90)Y-DOTATOC. Journal of Nuclear Medicine 43 610– 616.
111. ↵
     1. Waldherr C,
     2. Schumacher T,
     3. Maecke HR,
     4. Schirp U,
     5. Forrer F,
     6. Nitzsche EU &
     7. Mueller-Brand J

     Does tumor response depend on the number of treatment sessions at constant injected dose using 90Yttrium-DOTATOC in neuroendocrine tumors? European Journal of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging 29 Suppl 1 2002b S100(abstract).
112. ↵
     1. Wehrmann C,
     2. Senftleben S,
     3. Zachert C,
     4. Müller D &
     5. Baum RP

     2007 Results of individual patient dosimetry in peptide receptor radionuclide therapy with ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTA-TATE and ¹⁷⁷Lu DOTA-NOC. Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals 22 406– 416.
113. ↵
     1. Westlin JE,
     2. Janson ET,
     3. Arnberg H,
     4. Ahlstrom H,
     5. Oberg K &
     6. Nilsson S

     1993 Somatostatin receptor scintigraphy of carcinoid tumours using the [¹¹¹In-DTPA-d-Phe¹]octreotide. Acta Oncologica 32 783– 786.
114. ↵
     1. Wong JY,
     2. Shibata S,
     3. Williams LE,
     4. Kwok CS,
     5. Liu A,
     6. Chu DZ,
     7. Yamauchi DM,
     8. Wilczynski S,
     9. Ikle DN,
     10. Wu AM
     11. et al.

     2003 A phase I trial of 90Y-anti-carcinoembryonic antigen chimeric T84.66 radioimmunotherapy with 5-fluorouracil in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. Clinical Cancer Research 9 5842– 5852.
115. ↵
     1. Yao JC,
     2. Zhang JX,
     3. Rashid A,
     4. Yeung SC,
     5. Szklaruk J,
     6. Hess K,
     7. Xie K,
     8. Ellis L,
     9. Abbruzzese JL &
     10. Ajani JA

     2007 Clinical and in vitro studies of imatinib in advanced carcinoid tumors. Clinical Cancer Research 13 234– 240.
116. ↵
     1. Yao JC,
     2. Phan AT,
     3. Chang DZ,
     4. Wolff RA,
     5. Hess K,
     6. Gupta S,
     7. Jacobs C,
     8. Mares JE,
     9. Landgraf AN,
     10. Rashid A
     11. et al.

     2008 Efficacy of RAD001 (everolimus) and octreotide LAR in advanced low- to intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumors: results of a phase II study. Journal of Clinical Oncology 26 4311– 4318.
117. ↵
     1. Zimmer T,
     2. Stolzel U,
     3. Bäder M,
     4. Koppenhagen K,
     5. Hamm B,
     6. Buhr H,
     7. Riecken EO &
     8. Wiedenmann B

     1996 Endoscopic ultrasonography and somatostatin receptor scintigraphy in the preoperative localisation of insulinomas and gastrinomas. Gut 39 562– 568.